The day/nite & motion sensor lighting can be accomplished for relatively little investment in time & money (Under $100 - there are things called X10 package deals that make those simple systems very affordable). But if you want lights ON & OFF at random times (vs dusk/dawn) while away, dimming sequences for ambient lighting as the evening gets darker, lights that go on and off while you enter and exit laundry rooms, open pantry doors etc - then your asking about "Home Automation".
For that you'll need either a computer running 24/7 and some software and a controller; or a programmable PLC. In that case, your initial investment will be at least $250 - $500 depending on what combination of things you like. It can be entertaining (like a hobby) to automate your home.
If your doing automation though - do a lot of reading (search topics like home automation X-10) and decide whether PLC or computer is best suited for you - then read some more, start planning and start buying a little at a time.