Another (non-X10) way to do it would be a simple electrical circuit. Assuming it's a window air conditioner (not a thermostat-unit)
First you'd need a relay capable of turning the 220 off.
Then, a simple alarm trigger - Either magnetic contacts or an alarm-type window plunger switch.
You're pretty much limited to low-voltage on the contact closures, say 12 volts.
When the window is opened, it interrupts the 12v power to the relay, stopping the power to the air conditioner.
I'm sure X10 could do it, but I have seen it done many times before with garage heaters. When the garage door is opened, it shuts the heater off. It was pretty easy to do with the low-voltage thermostat controls. I'm not familiar with the internals of a window air conditioner, but I'm sure it has some type of relay from an internal thermostat.
A good electrician or handyman should be able to do it with no batteries involved!
A little off topic, but another way of feline hair removal!